As a medical specialty, pathology is concerned with the study and diagnosis of disease via the analysis of specimens obtained from surgically removed organs, tissues (biopsy samples), physiological fluids, and sometimes the entire body (autopsy). A body specimen's physical anatomy, cellular appearance with immunological markers, and cellular chemical signatures may all be considered. The causes, mechanisms, and severity of disease are all investigated in this branch of science known as "pathology." Studies focus on cellular adaptability to injury, necrosis (the death of live cells or tissues), inflammation, wound healing, and neoplasia (abnormal new growth of cells). Pathologists make most cancer diagnoses because of their extensive training in the field. Tissue samples are examined under the microscope to identify whether or not they are malignant by analyzing their cellular structure (benign). In addition to using genetic studies and gene markers, pathologists use this information to diagnose illnesses.

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