The study of the nervous system, including the brain, spinal cord, and peripheral nerves, is called neuroscience. Neuroscience is interdisciplinary because it seeks to understand the basic and emergent properties of neurons, glia, and neural circuits by combining physiology, anatomy, molecular biology, developmental biology, cytology, psychology, physics, computer science, chemistry, medicine, statistics, and mathematical modeling. Eric Kandel has called it the "epic challenge" of the biological sciences to figure out how things like learning, memory, behavior, perception, and consciousness are rooted in the body. Over time, neuroscientists have included a wider range of methods for investigating the nervous system at various spatial and temporal resolutions. From imaging of sensory, motor, and cognitive processes to molecular and cellular studies of individual neurons, neuroscientists' tool kits have grown exponentially. Neuroscientists study the brain and its effects on behavior and the brain's cognitive processes. Neuroscience investigates not only how the brain and nervous system work normally but also how they are affected by mental illness and developmental delays.

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