Journalism is the practice of reporting on and disseminating information about current events, facts, ideas, and people, also known as the "news of the day." The noun encompasses the work itself (whether paid or unpaid), research techniques, and narrative structures. Print, broadcast, and online media are all examples of journalism, as are older formats like newsreels. The function, perceptions, and consequent status of journalists change from one country to the next. There are countries where the government owns and operates the media. In some countries, the press is free from governmental control and functions as a private business. Legal protections for free expression, press, and libel may also be implemented differently from one country to the next. Since the turn of the 21st century, the media landscape has undergone dramatic shifts due to the widespread adoption of the Internet and smartphones. That has caused a shift in how people get their news, with more people turning to electronic devices like e-readers and smartphones rather than print media like newspapers and magazines or television newscasts. As well as adapting to shifting publishing environments, news organizations must find ways to monetize their digital operations fully.

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