The term "geology" originates from the Ancient Greek words for "earth" (gê) and "study" (-loga). Geology is a field of natural science that studies the formation and evolution of the structures and rocks that make up the Earth and other celestial objects. Since modern geology has so much in common with hydrology and the atmospheric sciences, it is often considered to be a single, integral part of Earth system science and planetary research. Geology is the study of the surface and subsurface structure of Earth, as well as the forces and mechanisms that have shaped it. As a bonus, it includes resources for describing rocks' geologic histories and determining their relative and absolute ages. Using both methods, geologists can document the Earth's entire geological past and provide compelling evidence for the Earth's age. Without geology, there would be no plate tectonics, no evolutionary history of life, and no understanding of Earth's historical temperatures.

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